Individual cognitive testing may be required as part of the application for admission to independent schools. One of the following batteries may be used for children entering lower schools or middle schools: The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)-4th Edition (for 4 and 5 year olds, or a different version for 3 year olds), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-5th Edition (for 6 year olds and older), or the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities-4th Edition (required by some schools outside of Northern Virginia).